The Difference Between に and で (AGAIN) (with a little bit of へ)
ALL RIGHT EVERYONE, I’m super excited to share this post. I finally get it.
To clarify, we are talking about verbs only. Sometimes に is used in time expressions and just tons of other usages, but I don’t want to go through all that work and I’m keeping it simple here.
When I learned these particles it was ALL of the usages at once, which is why it took me two years to understand it. Like literally yesterday (June 26). Something magically clicked.
SO, LET’S COMPARE.
で and に both have more than one meaning, and you can’t pin it down in English. Basically, に is “to” or sometimes “at” and で is almost always “at.”
Quite simply, the latter is for places, the former is for MOTION VERBS. So let’s do some comparison examples.
京都の喫茶店に行きましょう。
Let’s go to the cafe in Kyoto.
京都の喫茶店でコーヒーを飲みましょう。
Let’s go drink coffee at the cafe in Kyoto.Above, に is used before “to go,” but in the second sentence, even though they’re going to Kyoto, no に is used. So what the heck????
While both sentences involve going somewhere, only the first one uses に. Why? because the main verb is “to go,” a motion verb. In the second one, the verb is “to drink,” an action verb. The go is sort of implied.
に is used for motion verbs only, like 行く、来る、and 帰る。It’s also used for existence verbs, i.e. います・あります。(but that’s another topic I won’t cover today)
で, on the other hand, marks a place you’re AT, not a place you’re going. Even if you’re going somewhere, if the verb is an action verb, the location will still have で after it.
アイヴィーは毎日一時ぐらい間図書館で勉強する。
Ivey studies for about an hour in the library every day.
アイヴィーは毎日図書館に行く。
Ivey goes to the library every day.今日は京都で映画を見る。
I’m going to Kyoto today to watch a movie.昨夜は東京のクラブに行った。
Last night I went to a club in Tokyo.
昨夜は東京のクラブでかわいい女の人を見ました。
Last night I saw a cute girl at a club in Tokyo.I had a lot of fun surfing in Okinawa last week.
先週は沖縄でサーフィンをたくさん楽しんだ。Lastly, へ
へ is a motion verb particle that my sensei kept trying to force on everyone to distinguish に as a particle, but mostly, he is almost never used. It’s usually used on tourist things, like “Welcome to Japan!” or whatever. へ is interchangeable with ni in the regard of motion verbs.
(via nyahongo)



